Diplomacy and Ground Presence is India’s Response to Two-Front Threats, says Former Army Chief

New Delhi, July 29, 2023: In a recent lecture series, former Indian Army Chief General Manoj Mukund Naravane emphasized the importance of diplomacy and ground presence in handling potential conflicts with neighboring countries, particularly Pakistan and China.

Speaking at the ‘India International Centre and Press Club of India Conversations’, General Naravane discussed the concept of a “two-front threat” faced by India, referring to the security challenges posed by both China and Pakistan. He made a clear distinction between this “two-front threat” and an actual “two-front war,” asserting that no one has ever emerged victorious from a simultaneous outbreak of hostilities on both borders.

General Naravane highlighted the role of diplomacy in maintaining peace and stability in the region. He cited an example from history when India avoided a confrontation with China during the 1971 war with Pakistan, thanks to an agreement with Russia.

Regarding the evolving nature of warfare, the former Army chief emphasized that despite technological advancements, contact warfare remains relevant, as adversaries continue to engage on the ground. He stressed the significance of boots on the ground in claiming territorial control, even as technology transforms the armed forces into a more technologically-oriented entity.

The general also made a distinction between the “nature” and “character” of war. While the nature of war involves the actual fighting, the character of war pertains to the manner in which wars are conducted. He acknowledged that weapons and weapon systems may become obsolete in the future due to technological developments.

General Naravane’s lecture focused on the importance of diplomacy, ground presence, and technological adaptation in preventing conflicts and preserving peace. He emphasized the need for realistic approaches and readiness to address security challenges in the ever-changing geopolitical landscape.